Carburetor



J. A. SPEED.

CARBURETOR./

APPLICATION man SEPT. 14, 1914.

Patented Jan. 17, 1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l- INVEN TOR.

J. A. SPEED. CARBURETOR.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I4, 1914- 1,403,7 1 Patented Jan. 17, 1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2- LVVEN TOR. W] T NESSES- J. A. SPEED. CARBURETOR.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I4, 1914.

Patented Jan. 17, 1922.

[{VVENTOR. x Q SM BY l TORNEI 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- UNITED ETAEEfi r i'ildbifli. fif f lfl JAMES A. SPEED, 03? SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFQRHIA, ASSIG NQE T9 NEW SPEED GARBURETER COMPANY, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNEA, A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA.

CARBUBETOR.

.firpccificatien of Letters Patent.

Patented J an. 1'7, 1922.

Application filed September 14, 191%. Serial No. 861,520.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JAMES A. Srnno, a citizen of the United States, residing at San Francisco, in the county of San lirancisc and State of California, have invented a new and useful Carburetor, of which the foll0wing is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in carburetors and has for its primary object the securing of a perfect mixture of vaporizing fuel with air to form a perfectly diffused explosive mixture at all speeds of an engine which is being supplied with fluid carburant from said carburetor.

The preferred form of my carburetor is free from springs or other elements which would interfere with its perfect automatic control and I provide certain movable parts actuated by the suction caused by the enr'ne requirements for gaseous fuel. The movement of said parts secures proper relationship between the air supply and the fluid fuel supply forming perfectly mixed gase ous fuel to meet engine requirements at all speeds, and I combine the parts in my carburetor casing so as to provide against damfrom back fil'lr Further, l arrange them for adaptation to all positions of con nei parts.

it 9 well known that, in the operation of engines being supplied with gaseous fuel from carburetors, it is desirable at different 1, ton speeds of the engine requiring different volumes of mixture, to provide also a different richness of mixture, that is, a dif ferent ratio between the fuel and air volumes going to form the gaseous fuel, and to automatically vary these pro aortions to accommoeate d rrent engine piston speeds a proper variation must be secured between the air su aply ports and the discharge of into or its rate of entry into the carbu- 17 a chamber. I

This variation may be obtained by chan'" ing the area of the air ports at a very rate di' erent engine piston speeds and at the same time varying the rate of the fuel supply at constant speed, or by varying the area of the air supply ports at a constant rate and varying the rate of supply of the fuel at a variable rate, or by varying the area of the air ports at an inconstant rate, in either case, securing for any and every given engine piston speed a predetermined deiinite mixture forming the most eilicient gaseous fuel, for that particular engine piston speed.

In the preferred form of my caburetor, and which I have shown in the accompanying figures, I vary the rate of fuel supply automatically at an inconstant but definite rate compared with the rate of variation of air supply. This may be accomplished by using a needle valve in combination with its port through which the fuel is furnished in its passage to the carbureting chamber and making said needle valve of a shape such that for different positions of the movable member there will be a proper variation in said oort area as is further indicated in the description and figures below.

(1, by using a needle valve of a straight taper in combination with a hole of constant area such that the area of opening through which the fuel is s pplied in its passage to the carbureting chamber varies at a constant rate, but that the fuel is required in said passage to flow to a greater or less elevation before it is discharged into the carbureting chamber and thus is provided variation iii the volume of fuel discharged into said carbureting chamber through a constant area, said variation volume of the fuel being thus secured by the difference in elevation to which the fuel must flow due to the or lowering of the discharge ports, and thus furnishing with an air supply varied at a constant rate, the necessary variation of the mixture forming the gaseous fuel for different engine piston speeds In order to aid in the vaporizing and to thoroughly mix the fuel with the entering air in the carbureting chamber, I prefer to make use of a rotary movement of the inflowing and gas which is taking place during the mixing process, and thus increase to a considerable degree the efficiency of the resulting gaseous fuel as it is furnished from the speeds. i 1

i also pro the vide a means for initially heating gaseous fuel ane means for preventing as more fully described in the ns and drawings.

's a cross section through my pre- "l sscmbled carburetor.

: View of my assembled car- 11 7 1. through an angle or 90 d '1 view of my assembled car- I css section through w.

ail o" the mixing vanes.

11 View of Figure 5,

en partly broken elow and with the sition.

View the upper portion 'lCll is shown 1n section a o "Ween ((Z) and ormed between (0) a ag way (0) under the con- (0') is a screen to (f) is carried in and is actuated by the f ct t Q It) pivoted to the casing (a) and carrying the float Within the fuel chamber formed between (a) and the "v rich forms the inner Walls of The member is proi' h is Vertically adin screw engageand being packed he gland Mounted l movable dis :el ports respect thereto by the (8' s) and in which r "uel Connectseries of dis and discln rge freely (it) in the air lnle 1 air passes through the ports 4'; r- 1 H stiona1 y l11l11l361 (y) ant- ('v wage into the Chitin I h the dash piston (a) is casing (a) is located the movable fluid discharge member (s) and by the bars (3) which carry also the fuel ports (t), and finds free entry into the carchamber (t0),

carbureting chamber {to} the masses by the throttle Yalye ('w) e stern which actuetes the al'ie by foot or handcontrol in the usual manner and through 'he usual (:01 nections not shown.

' li'hen the member (s) is in its lowest posi tion and "he ports (1)) and (0) are closed,

a tent is formed for any back pressure through the ports The throttle Valve (w) on the stem i carried in the casing (e) which 18 rotatable about the Vertical axis.

of i 'r" (1:) may also be r tated itiom thus enabling the "'alve and the an lnlet,

:"e align d with the con- ,retor, by rotation tali- -oints (P) r (2").

in its rota c liar ((4') and 5C1 'nlet to be turned in the to facilitate air r example from around the engine e pi ms or some other heated porthe engine; The carlru-etor may be diseonnectelil by removing the screw ening the collar ((6 and disconthus qiichly exposing lent, and

uer to rurther th ioio' "itted hroug'h the passagerough the passageer ((0a) fillingsaid t thgt the float val e (7) and clos- .lol has in ineair V- ges (Z) and 1 into '(m) a ace around the dash the flo (i) ed oosition V r This float and its valve is Well known and forms no part or" my claims. The movable discharge member (s) and the piston (n) at; now in their lowest positions. Upon starting the engine the suction produced by the movement of the piston Within the engine causes an upward movement of the member (s) and the piston (a). This is due to air pressure against the plate 0/) supplied through the port (3 If the movement of said piston is rapid, there will be a restraint put upon the movement ot the member (s) by the slow pasof liquid fuel through the small hole in the valve (W) in the piston (a). This retardation of the movement of member (s) is for the purpose of accelerating the flow of fuel through the ports (15 it) due to momentary relatively increased suction. his retardation of the member (a) is however only momentary as it quickly rises and the engine speed increases, to the proper position for the admission oi": the proper amount of air through the registeringgpassages (o, o) and (4)) to supply the dema s of the engine. As the member (s) is advanced upwardly, the opening provided by the passage Way (75) around the needle v lve (0) is increased in area providing a proper increased amount of fuel to be diseia god through the passage (25) and ports (t' it) with the air being almitted through the registering ports (2) o) into the earbureting chamber (to).

The degree to which the member will rise will therefore be determined by the rate of llOW of gaseous fuel demanded by the piston speed of the engine and the mixture oi? gaseous fuel will be determined by the register-i passages (11 'v) for the the passage (75) around the and area oi.

{o} and also by the height to which 'Luel must rise from the level 0% the i the chamber (a a) to the outer -71 the ports (25 t) as it is a liquid 'ival at the outlets of said ports 3* much greater dens'ty than in its -"se us form when it is discharged into the u' ting: chamber (to). It will thus be i the fuel having to rise to greater tion before being; discharged into the Juiretino; chamber (w) from the ports i) will result .i a less differential presthrough the passage position in combination econdly, it will be seen member (s) is raised f om the movement of e. there will be an el flow through the of the larger opening passage (5') around the or i but that this increase will not i, a constant rate in proportion to the movement said member because of the retardation occasioned by the increased height to W iich the liquid fuel must be drawn before it discharges through the ports {0 t. I

lluring the movement upward of the member the registering air passages (2) been increasing proportionally to sai movement. lhe result will there o be that on the slow increasing of piston speed of the engine to which the carburetor is connected there Will be an increase in volume directly proportional to said demand without any throttling effect of sprin r other means and that the gaseous no be quite so rich in hydro-cars at the lower piston soeeds one that this is inriependent of the position of the ""4 in v1 v q n -1 I or; (I '31 1 w nio tie va to o J tie aseous Iuc thus over the valve (0).

in order that the engine shall properly accelerate on a quick opening of the throttle valve the upward movement of the member a) is momentarily restrained as previously described by the piston thus permitting; momentarily a richer gaseous fuel to be supplied to the engine facilitating acceleration.

in the event of back firing, the movable member (a) descends to its lowest position and discharges the burning through the passage Ways or clearance around its walls any CEELltllCl made by the engine for s fuel, he inflov air during; the eriod of mixing has attained a rotary against the vanes (w w) and a ineorportion with th volatilizom the ports (25 2i). and with In ls a still further intimate ad 1; are through the screen (20), in all ca providing thoroughly homogeneous sseous fuel on its discharge from the car- [on with the air through the pasi the formaallowing a member or attention is directed to the valve e ash piston (a). 1 form this with small passage Way ((3') that upon an eii'ort on the part 0? the elevator or movable member rise under the action of: suction from the engine, the liquid ('21,) may be faster under a given suction de mand than with heavier fuels and lower ten'iper ires, and that this condition is of great a(,. vantage in adapting my carburetor to varying atmospheric conditions and qualities and characteristics of fuels because a greater restraint is to be placed upon the upward movement of the fuel elevator or movable member s where the fuel is heavy or cold so as to attain the necessary increased carbon content by increased suction of the fuel during periods of engine aec evation. I also provide an auxiliary air sir, ilv as indicated at (0) Figs. 1 and 3,

(0) being air passage ways into the passage way (o), (0) being a shutter register u with said passage ways and (0) a le- "aGkCljlOIl with the hrottle alve spincie engaging during the latter portion the throttle valve movement with the pin (7 projecting through the slote (37) which may be formed right or or both, to admit into the passage way (1)) an iicreased supply of air at a lower temperature than that ordinarily being sup- )llOL'l through the passage way (1)), thus preventing too great a heat being conveyed to the carburetor parts which would otherresult in too great an ercpai ion of the into the notor. The movable member or fuel elevator is nrovided with a surface plate or disc (3/) against which atmospheric pressure is available through the passage (y) to cause the action of the movable member upon suction being produce-c by the engine. This plate provided with a hole slidii .g over the pin (79"). The pin 39 is provided to engage with a hole in tl e movable member or fluid elevator. Said pin is curved or may be set up i n angle from the vertical, see Figures 5 an; 6, thus causing a helical movement of fuel elevator as it is raised. lt will thus be seen that the air ports may, through the cylindrical surface of the movable member, be covered or uncovered a varying rate compared with the upward movement of the fuel elevator. lt will thus be seen that, by the needle valve in the cylindrical stem of th elevator, the air ports in the cylindrical surface of the fuel elevator and its surrounding guide surface and the elevation to which the fuel must be drawn by the suction of the engine above the surface of the fuel in the reservoir, there are provided exact proportions of air and fuel to the carbureting chamber to correspond with each and every engine piston speed and that the carburetor will feed at every engine speed, the requisite gaseous fuel of highest efficiency, Said feeding is dependent upon the position of the fuel ele- "vator and therefore upon the piston speed of the engine and independent of the separately operated throttle valve, the movement of said throttle valve being merely to limit the upward movement of the fuel elevator. Upon the throttle valve being opened, the added suction placed upon the fuel elevator will cause more fuel to feed and the fuel elevator will rise on an increased suction demand of the engine as fast as the engine can increase its speed and will then maintain durin its high speed a proportionately higher level.

In addition to the improvements enumerated above there are others incorporated in my carburetor which, however, are made the subject of separate applications by me; see particularly issued Patents No. 1,145,172 and No. 1,200,039, and my copending application S rial No. 2 l-l,05l, filed July 9, 1018. Having thus described my invention, 1 claim l. In a carburetor, a fuel reservoir, a float in said fuel reservoir controlling an admission valve thereto, a movable discharge memher for discharging fuel from said reservoir into a carbureting chamber at different elevations above the fuel level in the reservoir according to the demand of the engine for fuel, air passages controlled by said discharge member, said passages communicating with a primary air inlet and a secondary air inlet, said secondary inlet being adjustable.

2, In a carburetor a movable fuel discharge member adapted to discharge fuel at varying elevations with respect to the fuel surface in reservoir, a fuel reservoir connected therewith, a dash chamber and piston movable therein adapted to restrain the movement of said movable member during periods of greater demand from the carburetor, said movable member arranged *ith a cylindrical surface having ports therein and registering with corresponding cylindrical surface having ports therein, said ports controlling the admission'of air.

3. In a carburetor, the combination with the casing containing the mixing chamber, of an automatic air valve controlling the ad mission of air to said mixing chamber, co-

valve, permitting the unresisted closing thereof.

4. A carburetor including a fuel reservoir,

av suction controlled automatic air valve tending to close by the action of gravity, fuel discharge means carried by the air valve and adapted to discharge fuel at varying elevations with respect to the fuel surface in the reservoir, means controlled by the movements 01 the air valve for variably restricting the flow of fuel, and means for resisting the opening 01" the air valve and permitting the unresistecl closing thereof.

JAMES A. Witnesses E. YOUNG, P. E. CECIL. 

